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Q1. Chemistry that deals with the study of the origin, transport, reactions, effects and facts of chemical species in the environment is known as:

• 1) Forensic chemistry
• 2) Archaeological Chemistry
• 3) Environment chemistry
• 4) Pisiculture

Solution

Chemistry that deals with the study of the origin, transport, reactions, effects and facts of chemical species in the environment is known as Environment Chemistry.

Q2. Oxidation of ethene in the presence of ionic catalyst in aqueous medium produces:

• 1) Hydrogen peroxide
• 2) Methanal
• 3) Ethanal
• 4) Ethyne

Solution

Oxidation of ethene in presence of ionic catalyst in aqueous medium produces ethanal.

Q3. A synthetic toxic chemical with ecological repercussions is:

• 1) Pesticides
• 2) Tritium
• 3) Protium
• 4) SO₂ and NO₂

Solution

A synthetic toxic chemical with ecological repercussions is Pesticides.

Q4. Human excreta contains bacteria which causes gastrointestinal diseases are:

• 1) Lactic acid bacillus
• 2) Staphylococcus
• 3) Escherichia coli
• 4) Listeria

Solution

Escherichia coli causes gastrointestinal diseases.

Q5. How the global warming can be reduced?

Solution

Global warming can be reduced by minimizing the use of automobiles and growing more plants.

Q6. What are the strategies for controlling environmental pollution?

Solution

Strategies for controlling environmental pollution can be (i) Waste management i.e. reduction of the waste and proper disposal, also recycling of materials and energy. (ii) Adopting methods in day-to-day life, which results in the reduction of the environmental pollution.

Q7. Extent of a chemical reaction depends on which all parameters?

Solution

Extent of any reaction depends on physical parameters like temperature, pressure and use of catalyst.

Q8. Which reagent is used for the bleaching of paper to reduce the environmental pollution?

Solution

Green chemistry is cost effective approach. Hydrogen peroxide with suitable catalyst is used to bleach paper.

Q9. What are the harmful effects of acid rain?

Solution

Acid rain is harmful for agriculture, trees and plants as it dissolves and washes away the nutrients needed for their growth. It causes respiratory ailments in human beings and animals. When acid rain flows as ground water it affects plants and animal life in aquatic ecosystem. It corrodes water pipes resulting in the leaching of heavy metals as iron, lead into the drinking water. Acid rain damages the building and structures made of stone or metal.

Q10. How the biodegradable wastes and non-biodegradable wastes are generated? Give example.

Solution

Biodegradable wastes are generated by cotton mills, food processing units, paper mills and textile factories. Non-biodegradable wastes are generated by thermal power plants which produce fly ash: integrated iron and steel plants which produce blast furnace slag and steel melting slag.

Q11. How particulate matter affects air pollution?

Solution

The presence of particulate matter in polluted air catalyses the oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide.   2SO₂  (g)  + O₂  (g)  2SO₃(g)

Q12. Why carbon monoxide is poisonous?

Solution

Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin that is 300 times more stable than the oxygen-hemoglobin complex. In blood when the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin reaches 3-4 percent the oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced. This oxygen deficiency results in different disorders.

Q13. What are the major contributors to acid rain?

Solution

Q14. What are the different types of smog?

Solution

There are two types of smog. These are: Classical and Photochemical smog. Classical smog occurs in cool humid climate. It is a mixture of smoke, fog and sulphur dioxide. It is also called a reducing smog.Photochemical smog occurs in warm, dry and sunny climate. The main components of the photochemical smog result from the action of sunlight on unsaturated hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides produced by automobiles and factories. Photochemical smog is also called as oxidising smog.

Q15. What are the major gaseous pollutants?

Solution

The major gaseous and particulate pollutants present in the troposphere are: Gaseous air pollutants: These are the oxides of sulphur, nitrogen and carbon, hydrogen sulphide, hydrocarbons, ozone and other oxidants. Particulate pollutants: These are dust, mist, fumes, smoke, smog etc.